Don't know how it works exactly, but my level 31 does the same amount of damage in the hard VoG with a Fatebringer as a friend's 30 with a Fatebringer.
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That's because the fatebringer is attack level 300, it maxes damage on level 30s. If you both tried it with a 331 weapon you will do more damage than your friend.
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This weeks nightfall, me (32), my friend (31) both using maxed out 331 ice breakers and both doing exactly the same damage.