They fixed the loot caves because they didn't want people just shooting into a cave openning. That had nothing to do with Loot, that was more about Farming.
For the record I didn't agree with that patch, but I understand why they did it.
As far as quantity goes, I get plenty of engrams, I got a Vault full of Legendaries and Exotics, as well as a dozen or so on each character. That is just luck though.
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Well, you said it. Luck. I get no loot other than weapons parts and armor mats. All the shards I've gotten have been from dismantling armor I've bought from earning marks. Luck should never be as prevalent in determining loot as it is in this game.