I have noticed a few references to the Sanskrit language in Destiny. The words "Ahamkara" and "Karuna" both come from sanskrit. Ahamkara are the "extinct" species of cryptically intelligent creatures created by the Traveler and supposedly hunted to extinction by the City. In sanskrit, "Ahamkara" means the actions of the self sense. It is associated primarily with pride. "Karuna" is a Buddhist principle regarding mercy. The word is used in the name of a ship called "Karuna, Falling." The ship's description reads, "There is nothing more ruthless than compassion." Bungie is, in my opinion, making clear references to ancient world cultures and languages, particularly sanskrit.
Personally, I think this is amazing and would love to find more references like these. If you have found any others please post them here! Destiny is way deeper than most people are seeing.
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Bungie are well known for making subtle references to various world histories and lores in their previous games (eg Durandal, Cortana to name a couple of key figures named after legendary swords). I like that they've continued this trend in Destiny.