Arsenic From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Arsenic 33As Hydrogen (diatomic nonmetal) Helium (noble gas) Lithium (alkali metal) Beryllium (alkaline earth metal) Boron (metalloid) Carbon (polyatomic nonmetal) Nitrogen (diatomic nonmetal) Oxygen (diatomic nonmetal) Fluorine (diatomic nonmetal) Neon (noble gas) Sodium (alkali metal) Magnesium (alkaline earth metal) Aluminium (other metals) Silicon (metalloid) Phosphorus (polyatomic nonmetal) Sulfur (polyatomic nonmetal) Chlorine (diatomic nonmetal) Argon (noble gas) Potassium (alkali metal) Calcium (alkaline earth metal) Scandium (transition metal) Titanium (transition metal) Vanadium (transition metal) Chromium (transition metal) Manganese (transition metal) Iron (transition metal) Cobalt (transition metal) Nickel (transition metal) Copper (transition metal) Zinc (transition metal) Gallium (other metals) Germanium (metalloid) Arsenic (metalloid) Selenium (polyatomic nonmetal) Bromine (diatomic nonmetal) Krypton (noble gas) Rubidium (alkali metal) Strontium (alkaline earth metal) Yttrium (transition metal) Zirconium (transition metal) Niobium (transition metal) Molybdenum (transition metal) Technetium (transition metal) Ruthenium (transition metal) Rhodium (transition metal) Palladium (transition metal) Silver (transition metal) Cadmium (transition metal) Indium (other metals) Tin (other metals) Antimony (metalloid) Tellurium (metalloid) Iodine (diatomic nonmetal) Xenon (noble gas) Caesium (alkali metal) Barium (alkaline earth metal) Lanthanum (lanthanide) Cerium (lanthanide) Praseodymium (lanthanide) Neodymium (lanthanide) Promethium (lanthanide) Samarium (lanthanide) Europium (lanthanide) Gadolinium (lanthanide) Terbium (lanthanide) Dysprosium (lanthanide) Holmium (lanthanide) Erbium (lanthanide) Thulium (lanthanide) Ytterbium (lanthanide) Lutetium (lanthanide) Hafnium (transition metal) Tantalum (transition metal) Tungsten (transition metal) Rhenium (transition metal) Osmium (transition metal) Iridium (transition metal) Platinum (transition metal) Gold (transition metal) Mercury (transition metal) Thallium (other metals) Lead (other metals) Bismuth (other metals) Polonium (other metals) Astatine (metalloid) Radon (noble gas) Francium (alkali metal) Radium (alkaline earth metal) Actinium (actinide) Thorium (actinide) Protactinium (actinide) Uranium (actinide) Neptunium (actinide) Plutonium (actinide) Americium (actinide) Curium (actinide) Berkelium (actinide) Californium (actinide) Einsteinium (actinide) Fermium (actinide) Mendelevium (actinide) Nobelium (actinide) Lawrencium (actinide) Rutherfordium (transition metal) Dubnium (transition metal) Seaborgium (transition metal) Bohrium (transition metal) Hassium (transition metal) Meitnerium (unknown chemical properties) Darmstadtium (unknown chemical properties) Roentgenium (unknown chemical properties) Copernicium (transition metal) Ununtrium (unknown chemical properties) Flerovium (unknown chemical properties) Ununpentium (unknown chemical properties) Livermorium (unknown chemical properties) Ununseptium (unknown chemical properties) Ununoctium (unknown chemical properties) P ↑ As ↓ Sb germanium ← arsenic → selenium Arsenic in the periodic table Appearance metallic grey General properties Name, symbol, number arsenic, As, 33 Pronunciation /ˈɑrsɨnɪk/ ar-sə-nik, also /ɑrˈsɛnɪk/ ar-sen-ik when attributive Element category metalloid Group, period, block 15 (pnictogens), 4, p Standard atomic weight 74.921595(6) Electron configuration [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p3 2, 8, 18, 5 Physical properties Phase solid Density (near r.t.) 5.727 g·cm−3 Liquid density at m.p. 5.22 g·cm−3 Sublimation point 887 K, 615 °C, 1137 °F Triple point 1090 K, 3628[1] kPa Critical point 1673 K, ? MPa Heat of fusion (grey) 24.44 kJ·mol−1 Heat of vaporization ? 34.76 kJ·mol−1 Molar heat capacity 24.64 J·mol−1·K−1 Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 553 596 646 706 781 874 Atomic properties Oxidation states 5, 3, 2, 1,[2] -3 (mildly acidic oxide) Electronegativity 2.18 (Pauling scale) Ionization energies (more) 1st: 947.0 kJ·mol−1 2nd: 1798 kJ·mol−1 3rd: 2735 kJ·mol−1 Atomic radius 119 pm Covalent radius 119±4 pm Van der Waals radius 185 pm Miscellanea Crystal structure simple trigonal[3] Arsenic has a simple trigonal crystal structure Magnetic ordering diamagnetic[4] Electrical resistivity (20 °C) 333 nΩ·m Thermal conductivity 50.2 W·m−1·K−1 Young's modulus 8 GPa Bulk modulus 22 GPa Mohs hardness 3.5 Brinell hardness 1440 MPa CAS registry number 7440-38-2 History Discovery Early Bronze Age (2500 BC) First isolation Albertus Magnus (1250) Most stable isotopes Main article: Isotopes of arsenic iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 73As syn 80.3 d ε - 73Ge γ 0.05D, 0.01D, e - 74As syn 17.78 d ε - 74Ge β+ 0.941 74Ge γ 0.595, 0.634 - β− 1.35, 0.717 74Se 75As 100% 75As is stable with 42 neutrons v t e · references Arsenic is a chemical element with symbol As and atomic number 33. Arsenic occurs in many minerals, usually in conjunction with sulfur and metals, and also as a pure elemental crystal. It was first documented by Albertus Magnus in 1250.[5] Arsenic is a metalloid. It can exist in various allotropes, although only the gray form has important use in industry. The main use of metallic arsenic is for strengthening alloys of copper and especially lead (for example, in car batteries). Arsenic is a common n-type dopant in semiconductor electronic devices, and the optoelectronic compound gallium arsenide is the most common semiconductor in use after doped silicon. Arsenic and its compounds, especially the trioxide, are used in the production of pesticides, treated wood products, herbicides, and insecticides. These applications are declining, however.[6] Arsenic is notoriously poisonous to multicellular life, although a few species of bacteria are able to use arsenic compounds as respiratory metabolites. Arsenic contamination of groundwater is a problem that affects millions of people across the world. Contents [hide] 1 Characteristics 1.1 Physical characteristics 1.2 Isotopes 1.3 Chemistry 2 Compounds 2.1 Inorganic compounds 2.1.1 Alloys 2.2 Organoarsenic compounds 3 Occurrence and production 4 History 5 Applications 5.1 Agricultural 5.2 Medical use 5.3 Alloys 5.4 Military 5.5 Other uses 6 Biological role 6.1 Bacteria 6.2 Heredity 6.3 Biomethylation 7 Environmental issues 7.1 Exposure 7.2 Occurrence in drinking water 7.2.1 San Pedro de Atacama 7.3 Wood preservation in the US 7.4 Mapping of industrial releases in the US 8 Toxicity and precautions 8.1 Classification 8.2 Legal limits, food, and drink 8.3 Biological mechanism 8.4 Exposure risks and remediation 8.5 Treatment 9 See also 10 References 11 Bibliography 12 Further reading 13 External links Characteristics[edit] Physical characteristics[edit] Crystal structure common to Sb, AsSb and gray As The three most common arsenic allotropes are metallic gray, yellow and black arsenic, with gray being the most common.[7] Gray arsenic (α-As, space group R3m No. 166) adopts a double-layered structure consisting of many interlocked ruffled six-membered rings. Because of weak bonding between the layers, gray arsenic is brittle and has a relatively low Mohs hardness of 3.5. Nearest and next-nearest neighbors form a distorted octahedral complex, with the three atoms in the same double-layer being slightly closer than the three atoms in the next.[8] This relatively close packing leads to a high density of 5.73 g/cm3.[9] Gray arsenic is a semimetal, but becomes a semiconductor with a bandgap of 1.2–1.4 eV if amorphized.[10] Gray arsenic is also the most stable form.Yellow arsenic is soft and waxy, and somewhat similar to tetraphosphorus (P 4). Both have four atoms arranged in a tetrahedral structure in which each atom is bound to each of the other three atoms by a single bond. This unstable allotrope, being molecular, is the most volatile, least dense and most toxic. Solid yellow arsenic is produced by rapid cooling of arsenic vapor, As 4. It is rapidly transformed into the gray arsenic by light. The yellow form has a density of 1.97 g/cm3.[9] Black arsenic is similar in structure to red phosphorus.[9] Black arsenic can also be formed by cooling vapor at around 100–220 °C. It is glassy and brittle. It is also a poor electrical conductor.[11] Isotopes[edit] Main article: Isotopes of arsenic Naturally occurring arsenic is composed of one stable isotope, 75As.[12] This makes it a monoisotopic element. As of 2003, at least 33 radioisotopes have also been synthesized, ranging in atomic mass from 60 to 92. The most stable of these is 73As with a half-life of 80.30 days. All other isotopes have half-lives of under one day, with the exception of 71As (t½=65.30 hours), 72As (t½=26.0 hours), 74As (t½=17.77 days), 76As (t½=1.0942 days), and 77As (t½=38.83 hours). Isotopes that are lighter than the stable 75As tend to decay by β+ decay, and those that are heavier tend to decay by β− decay, with some exceptions. At least 10 nuclear isomers have been described, ranging in atomic mass from 66 to 84. The most stable of arsenic's isomers is 68mAs with a half-life of 111 seconds.[12] Chemistry[edit] When heated in air, arsenic oxidizes to arsenic trioxide; the fumes from this reaction have an odor resembling garlic. This odor can be detected on striking arsenide minerals such as arsenopyrite with a hammer. Arsenic (and some arsenic compounds) sublimes upon heating at atmospheric pressure, converting directly to a gaseous form without an intervening liquid state at 887 K (614 °C).[1] The triple point is 3.63 MPa and 1,090 K (820 °C).[9][1] Arsenic makes arsenic acid with concentrated nitric acid, arsenious acid with dilute nitric acid, and arsenic trioxide with concentrated sulfuric acid.[13]

Is the dog 8 in dog years or people years?

Ants are social insects of the family Formicidae /fɔrˈmɪsɨdiː/ and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera. Ants evolved from wasp-like ancestors in the mid-Cretaceous period between 110 and 130 million years ago and diversified after the rise of flowering plants. More than 12,500 of an estimated total of 22,000 species have been classified. They are easily identified by their elbowed antennae and the distinctive node-like structure that forms their slender waists. Ants form colonies that range in size from a few dozen predatory individuals living in small natural cavities to highly organised colonies that may occupy large territories and consist of millions of individuals. Larger colonies consist mostly of sterile, wingless females forming castes of "workers", "soldiers", or other specialised groups. Nearly all ant colonies also have some fertile males called "drones" and one or more fertile females called "queens". The colonies sometimes are described as superorganisms because the ants appear to operate as a unified entity, collectively working together to support the colony. Ants have colonised almost every landmass on Earth. The only places lacking indigenous ants are Antarctica and a few remote or inhospitable islands. Ants thrive in most ecosystems and may form 15–25% of the terrestrial animal biomass. Their success in so many environments has been attributed to their social organisation and their ability to modify habitats, tap resources, and defend themselves. Their long co-evolution with other species has led to mimetic, commensal, parasitic, and mutualistic relationships. Ant societies have division of labour, communication between individuals, and an ability to solve complex problems.[8] These parallels with human societies have long been an inspiration and subject of study. Many human cultures make use of ants in cuisine, medication, and rituals. Some species are valued in their role as biological pest control agents.[9] Their ability to exploit resources may bring ants into conflict with humans, however, as they can damage crops and invade buildings. Some species, such as the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta), are regarded as invasive species, establishing themselves in areas where they have been introduced accidentally. The word "ant" is derived from ante, emete of Middle English which are derived from ǣmette of Old English, and is related to the dialectal Dutch emt and the Old High German āmeiza, hence the modern German Ameise. All of these words come from West Germanic *ēmaitijǭ, and the original meaning of the word was "the biter" (from Proto-Germanic *ai-, "off, away" + *mait- "cut"). The family name Formicidae is derived from the Latin formīca ("ant") from which the words in other Romance languages, such as the Portuguese formiga, Italian formica, Spanish hormiga, Romanian furnică, and French fourmi are derived. It has been hypothesised that a Proto-Indo-European word *morwi- was used, cf. Sanskrit vamrah, Latin formīca, Greek μύρμηξ mýrmēx, Old Church Slavonic mraviji, Old Irish moirb, Old Norse maurr, Dutch mier. The family Formicidae belongs to the order Hymenoptera, which also includes sawflies, bees, and wasps. Ants evolved from a lineage within the aculeate wasps, and a 2013 study suggests they are a sister group of the Apoidea. In 1966, E. O. Wilson and his colleagues identified the fossil remains of an ant (Sphecomyrma) that lived in the Cretaceous period. The specimen, trapped in amber dating back to around 92 million years ago, has features found in some wasps, but not found in modern ants. Sphecomyrma possibly was a ground forager, while Haidomyrmex and Haidomyrmodes, related genera in subfamily Sphecomyrminae, are reconstructed as active arboreal predators. After the rise of flowering plants about 100 million years ago they diversified and assumed ecological dominance around 60 million years ago. Some groups such as the Leptanillinae and Martialinae are suggested to have diversified from early primitive ants which were likely to have been predators underneath the surface of the soil. During the Cretaceous period, a few species of primitive ants ranged widely on the Laurasian supercontinent (the Northern Hemisphere). They were scarce in comparison to the populations of other insects, representing only about 1% of the entire insect population. Ants became dominant after adaptive radiation at the beginning of the Paleogene period. By the Oligocene and Miocene, ants had come to represent 20–40% of all insects found in major fossil deposits. Of the species that lived in the Eocene epoch, around one in 10 genera survive to the present. Genera surviving today comprise 56% of the genera in Baltic amber fossils (early Oligocene), and 92% of the genera in Dominican amber fossils (apparently early Miocene). Termites, although sometimes called 'white ants', are not ants. They belong to the order Isoptera. Termites are more closely related to cockroaches and mantids. Termites are eusocial, but differ greatly in the genetics of reproduction. The similarity of their social structure to that of ants is attributed to convergent evolution. Velvet ants look like large ants, but are wingless female wasps. Ants are found on all continents except Antarctica, and only a few large islands such as Greenland, Iceland, parts of Polynesia and the Hawaiian Islands lack native ant species. Ants occupy a wide range of ecological niches, and are able to exploit a wide range of food resources either as direct or indirect herbivores, predators, and scavengers. Most species are omnivorous generalists, but a few are specialist feeders. Their ecological dominance may be measured by their biomass and estimates in different environments suggest that they contribute 15–20% (on average and nearly 25% in the tropics) of the total terrestrial animal biomass, which exceeds that of the vertebrates. Ants range in size from 0.75 to 52 millimetres (0.030–2.0 in),[30][31] the largest species being the fossil Titanomyrma giganteum, the queen of which was 6 centimetres (2.4 in) long with a wingspan of 15 centimetres (5.9 in). Ants vary in colour; most ants are red or black, but a few species are green and some tropical species have a metallic lustre. More than 12,000 species are currently known (with upper estimates of the potential existence of about 22,000) (see the article List of ant genera), with the greatest diversity in the tropics. Taxonomic studies continue to resolve the classification and systematics of ants. Online databases of ant species, including AntBase and the Hymenoptera Name Server, help to keep track of the known and newly described species. The relative ease with which ants may be sampled and studied in ecosystems has made them useful as indicator species in biodiversity studies. Ants are distinct in their morphology from other insects in having elbowed antennae, metapleural glands, and a strong constriction of their second abdominal segment into a node-like petiole. The head, mesosoma, and metasoma are the three distinct body segments. The petiole forms a narrow waist between their mesosoma (thorax plus the first abdominal segment, which is fused to it) and gaster (abdomen less the abdominal segments in the petiole). The petiole may be formed by one or two nodes (the second alone, or the second and third abdominal segments). Bull ant showing the powerful mandibles and the relatively large compound eyes that provide excellent vision Like other insects, ants have an exoskeleton, an external covering that provides a protective casing around the body and a point of attachment for muscles, in contrast to the internal skeletons of humans and other vertebrates. Insects do not have lungs; oxygen and other gases such as carbon dioxide pass through their exoskeleton via tiny valves called spiracles. Insects also lack closed blood vessels; instead, they have a long, thin, perforated tube along the top of the body (called the "dorsal aorta") that functions like a heart, and pumps haemolymph toward the head, thus driving the circulation of the internal fluids. The nervous system consists of a ventral nerve cord that runs the length of the body, with several ganglia and branches along the way reaching into the extremities of the appendages. An ant's head contains many sensory organs. Like most insects, ants have compound eyes made from numerous tiny lenses attached together. Ant eyes are good for acute movement detection, but do not offer a high resolution image. They also have three small ocelli (simple eyes) on the top of the head that detect light levels and polarization. Compared to vertebrates, most ants have poor-to-mediocre eyesight and a few subterranean species are completely blind.

[quote] Four billion wordwide population - all living - have a Computer God Containment Policy Brain Bank Brain, a real brain, in the Brain Bank Cities on the far side of the moon we never see. Primarily based on your lifelong Frankenstein Radio Controls, especially your Eyesight TV sight-and-sound recorded by your brain, your moon-brain of the Computer God activates your Frankenstein threshold Brain-wash Radio - lifelong inculcating conformist propaganda. Even frightening you and mixing you up and the usual "Don't worry about it" for your setbacks, mistakes - even when you receivedeadly injuries! THIS is the Worldwide Computer God Secret Containment Policy! Worldwide as a Frankenstein slave, usually at night, you go to the nearby hospital or camouflaged miniature-hospital van trucks. You strip naked, lay on the operating table, which slides into the sealed Computer God Robot Operating Cabinet. Intravenous tubes are connected. The slimy, vicious Jew doctor simply pushes the starting button. Based upon your Computer God brain on the moon, which records progress in your systematic butchery, your butchery is continued. Exactly. Systematically. The Computer God Operating Cabinet has many robot arms, with electrical and laser beam knife robot arms. With fly-eye TV cameras watching your whole body, every part of you is monitored - even through your Frankenstein Controls! Synthetic blood; synthetic instant-sealing flesh and skin, even synthetic electrical heartbeat to keep you alive are some of the unbelievable Computer God Instant Plastic Surgery Secrets™. You are the highest, most intelligent electrical MACHINE in the Universe! Usually, in a few years, you are made stringbean-thin or grotesquely deformed, crippled and ugly or even made over one foot shorter or one foot taller as the Computer God sees fit. Virtually ALL of the important Instant Plastic Surgery is done to you inside the Computer God Sealed Robot Operating Cabinet; even unbelievable, impossible plastic surgery operations - all impossible even for dozens of vicious kosher-bosher doctors working around the clock for weeks! The Computer God sealed robot-arm operating cabinet can perform all of the above impossible plastic surgery operations overnight - even dwarfting you over a foot or increasing your height by two feet! This is possible because Computer God Robot Operating Cabinet imitates your microminiature electrical current intelligence system in your body. It even duplicates the microminiature electric currents that soften your broken bones to create mending of them and then creates stress, either compressing the bones - thereby shortening them - or stress to make the bones grow longer. The worldwide unbelievable lowest deadly gangster kosher- bosher vicious "medical profession"; worldwide unbelievable instant plastic surgery BUTCHERYof the body and brain - especially the face! Wipe-on hormones and laser beam surgery causing instant ugly deep wrinkles, scars, age spots, arthritis, freckles, blemishes, pimples. Red, brown, black or even sick white face and body. Worldwide dark negroidic-colored male sex organs to brainwash inferior female brain for overall plan: intermarry with -blam!-! Total graying and balding, even hairy body and furry body. Mustached, bearded women, even wipe-on synthetic hormones causing cancerous growth. Bloating, swelling, deformed big pickle- nose. Bulldog hanging cheeks and jowls. From teenage gradual wipe-on yellowing, browning and blackening of teeth and instant grinding and acids leaving hollow brown stumps, so vocal chords are made raspy, aged; creating a wrinkled, ugly gargoylic clown-booze- face worldwide population by age 70. Deformed, crippled, weak and brain damaged, nu, senile! Lingering for INEVITABILITY OF GRADUALNESS: extermination! For your ONLY hope for a future; do you know ONE word of pray for me, Francis E. Dec? Computer God computerized brainthinking sealed robot operating arm surgery cabinet machine removal of most of the frontal command-lobe of the brain - gradually during lifetime and overnight in all insane asylums (after Computer God kosher-bosher one month probation period), creating helpless, hopeless Computer God Frankenstein Earphone Radio Parroting Puppet brainless slaves resulting in millions of hopeless helpless homeless derelicts in all JerU.S.Alem cities and Soviet slave work camps. Not only the hangman rope Deadly Gangster Parroting Puppet scum-on-top know this top medical secret even worse deadly gangster Jew disease; from deaf Ronnie Reagan to U.S.S.R. Gorbachev know this oy vay Computer God Containment Policy (top secret)! Eventual brainloboto-mization of the entire world population for the Worldwide Deadly Gangster Communist Computer God Overall Plan - an ideal worldwide population of light-skinned, low hopeless and helpless Jew-mulattos; the Communist "Black Wave" of the future. [/quote]

I want what you're doing, because what I got ain't cutting it.

Don't be ridiculous, OP. Everyone knows 9/11 was done by Jews.

I was smokin weed on the beach yesterday with some girl it was such a great day man

You forgot the chem-trails.