Here are some alternatives (I wanted to include them all in the poll, but you can't have more than seven possible answers):
Electronic Arts
Capcom
Disney Interactive Studios
Warner Bros. Games
Ubisoft
Konami
Sega
Namco Bandai Games
Take-Two Interactive (2K Games / Rockstar Games)
Square Enix
Bethesda Softworks
THQ (back in 2010 it would have been an option)
Atlus
Deep Silver
I would have gone with 2K or Rockstar because
- Bungie already has a history with Take-Two (published the PS2 version of Oni, once owned a part of Bungie, have the rights to Myth and Oni)
- Take-Two is one of the biggest non-ActiUbiEA publishers and they've got a pretty good marketing machinery too (remember the GTA, Bioshock and Max Payne TV ads)
- As you can see in GTA V or Bioshock Infinite they give the developers the time they need (both had a development time of over 5 years)
- with Borderlands they've published a game that's very similar to Destiny
- many of the games they produced are top-notch (GTA, Bioshock, RDR, Max Payne, XCOM, Civilization, Borderlands, ...)
- maybe Bungie could've negotiated that as part of the publishing contract they would have got the Oni and Myth rights back
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Microsoft