-Humanity was once a great civilization.
-Struck down by enemies and reduce to fractions of it's former selves.
-Saved only by the will of a single protector.
-Now Humanity is on the rise, rediscovering itself and the universe.
-Still beset by old enemies.
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Its similar in a way, but comparing Destiny to Halo is just going to set your mind against Destiny. There are many games and movies with the same five bulletins you posted. All you need to do is not look at the similarities, but the differences. Look at it as its own game, not a split off of Halo.