Most important is to make sure to tell the team when you have no idea what you're doing. That way, that inexperience isn't going to surprise someone who is expecting something different. And ask questions! It means a) everyone knows that mistakes are likely borne of inexperience and not being bad at the game, and b) that you're willing to learn what is needed to make the raid a success.
That's how I approached it on my first runs, and my teammates seemed very happy to help.
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I wonder how well I would be able to do those things, though, because I don't have nor utilise a Mic.
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That does make it harder, certainly. Not impossible - very clear instructions ahead of time (assuming you can hear the team chat audio) can count for a lot. In the case of no audio, I think probably the Crota's End raid, on Normal Mode, is easier to handle than the Vault of Glass without comms. Crota's End is much more straightforward than Vault of Glass - you run, you kill enemies, you run some more. The final fight requires a small amount of coordination but it's doable with signals (e.g., "So-and-so Points" or "So-and-so waves") if need be.